IMBALI YOKUSEBENZISA TUNGSTEN

IMBALI YOKUSEBENZISA TUNGSTEN

Ukufunyaniswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten kunokudityaniswa ngokukhululekileyo kwiinkalo ezine: iikhemikhali, intsimbi kunye ne-super alloys, i-filaments, kunye ne-carbides.

 Ngowe-1847: Iityuwa zeTungsten zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza umqhaphu omibalabala nokwenza iimpahla ezisetyenziselwa iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga nezinye izinto ezingatshiyo.

 I-1855: Inkqubo ye-Bessemer yenziwe, ivumela ukuveliswa kobuninzi bentsimbi. Ngexesha elifanayo, iintsimbi zokuqala ze-tungsten zenziwa e-Austria.

 Ngo-1895: UThomas Edison uphande amandla okusebenza kwi-fluoresce xa evezwe kwi-X-rays, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba i-calcium tungstate yeyona nto isebenzayo.

 I-1900: I-Speed ​​​​Speed ​​Steel, umxube okhethekileyo wentsimbi kunye ne-tungsten, iboniswa kwiMboniso yeHlabathi eParis. Igcina ubulukhuni bayo kumaqondo aphezulu, ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo kunye nomatshini.

 Ngo-1903: Iifilaments kwizibane kunye neeglowubhu zokukhanya yayiyeyokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten eyayisebenzisa indawo yayo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye nokuhamba kombane. Ingxaki kuphela? Iinzame zakwangoko zafumanisa ukuba i-tungsten inobunkunkqele kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

 Ngo-1909: UWilliam Coolidge kunye neqela lakhe kwi-General Electric yase-US baphumelele ekufumaneni inkqubo eyenza i-ductile tungsten filaments ngokusebenzisa unyango olufanelekileyo lokushisa kunye nokusebenza ngomatshini.

 Ngo-1911: Inkqubo ye-Coolidge ithengiswa, kwaye ngexesha elifutshane ii-tungsten light bulbs zisasazeka kwihlabathi lonke zixhotyiswe ngeentambo ze-ductile tungsten.

 Ngowe-1913: Ukunqongophala kweedayimani zemizi-mveliso eJamani ngexesha leWWII kukhokelela abaphandi ukuba bajonge enye indlela yokufa kwedayimane, ezisetyenziselwa ukuzoba ucingo.

 Ngowe-1914: “Yayiyinkolelo yezinye iingcaphephe zomkhosi eziManyeneyo ukuba kwiinyanga ezintandathu iJamani yayiza kube sele ziphelelwe ziimbumbulu.” Kungekudala iJamani yafumanisa ukuba iJamani yayiyandisa imveliso yayo yezixhobo zemfazwe yaye kangangexesha elithile yayingaphezu kwemveliso yaMazwe Amanyeneyo. kwimigodi yabo yaseCornish eCornwall. -Ukusuka kwincwadi ka-KC Li ka-1947 ethi "TUNGSTEN"

 Ngowe-1923: Inkampani yaseJamani yebhalbhu yombane ingenise ipatent yetungsten carbide, okanye ihardmetal. Yenziwe “ngokufaka isamente” iinkozo ze-tungsten monocarbide (WC) eziqine kakhulu kwi-binder matrix yentsimbi eyomeleleyo yecobalt ngesigaba solwelo sintering.

Isiphumo satshintsha imbali ye-tungsten: into edibanisa amandla aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Ngapha koko, i-tungsten carbide inzima kakhulu, ekuphela kwento yendalo enokuyikrwela yidayimane. (I-Carbide yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten namhlanje.)

Ngoo-1930: kwavela izicelo ezitsha zeekhompawundi ze-tungsten kushishino lweoyile ukwenzela ukuthotywa kweoyile ekrwada nge-hydrotreating.

 Ngowe-1940: Ukuveliswa kwentsimbi, i-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt-based superalloys kwaqala, ukugcwalisa imfuno yezinto ezinokumelana nobushushu obumangalisayo beenjini zejethi.

 Ngo-1942: Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaJamani ayengawokuqala ukusebenzisa i-tungsten carbide core kwisantya esiphezulu sokugqobhoza izixhobo. Amatanki aseBritani aphantse “anyibilika” xa ebethelwa zezi tungsten carbide projectiles.

 Ngo-1945: Iintengiso zonyaka zezibane ze-incandescent zizigidi ezingama-795 ngonyaka e-US

 1950s: Ngeli xesha, i-tungsten yongezwa kwii-superalloys ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo.

 I-1960s: I-catalysts entsha yazalwa iqulethe iikhompawundi ze-tungsten ukunyanga iigesi zokukhupha kwishishini leoli.

 I-1964: Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuveliswa kwezibane ze-incandescent kunciphisa iindleko zokubonelela ngobuninzi obunikeziweyo bokukhanya ngamashumi amathathu, xa kuthelekiswa neendleko ekuqaliseni inkqubo yokukhanyisa i-Edison.

 Ngowama-2000: Kweli nqanaba, nyaka ngamnye kuzotywa malunga neebhiliyoni zeemitha ezingama-20 zocingo lwesibane, ubude obungqinelana nomgama omalunga nama-50 umgama wenyanga ukusuka emhlabeni. Ukukhanyisa kudla i-4% kunye ne-5% yemveliso ye-tungsten epheleleyo.

TUNGSTEN NAMHLANJE

Namhlanje, i-tungsten carbide ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubandakanya ukusika isinyithi, ukucutshungulwa kweenkuni, iiplastiki, i-composites, kunye neekeramics ezithambileyo, ukwenza i-chipless (kushushu nokubanda), imigodi, ukwakhiwa, ukugrumba amatye, iinxalenye zesakhiwo, iinxalenye zokunxiba kunye nezixhobo zomkhosi.

Ii-alloys zentsimbi ye-Tungsten zikwasetyenziswa ekuveliseni imilomo ye-rocket injini, ekufuneka ibe neempawu ezilungileyo zokukwazi ukumelana nobushushu. I-Super-alloys equlethe i-tungsten isetyenziswa kwii-blades ze-injini ye-injini kunye namalungu angagugiyo kunye neengubo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elifanayo, ulawulo lwe-incandescent lightbulb luye lwaphela emva kweminyaka eyi-132, njengoko beqala ukukhutshwa e-US naseCanada.