IMBALI YOKUSEBENZISA TUNGSTEN

IMBALI YOKUSEBENZISA TUNGSTEN

Ukufunyaniswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten kunokudityaniswa ngokukhululekileyo kwiinkalo ezine: iikhemikhali, intsimbi kunye ne-super alloys, i-filaments, kunye ne-carbides.

 Ngowe-1847: Iityuwa zeTungsten zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza umqhaphu onemibala kunye nokwenza iimpahla ezisetyenziselwa iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga nezinye izinto ezingatshiyo.

 I-1855: Inkqubo ye-Bessemer yenziwe, ivumela ukuveliswa kobuninzi bentsimbi. Ngexesha elifanayo, iintsimbi zokuqala ze-tungsten zenziwa e-Austria.

 Ngo-1895: UThomas Edison uphande amandla okusebenza kwi-fluoresce xa evezwe kwi-X-rays, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba i-calcium tungstate yeyona nto isebenzayo.

 I-1900: I-Speed ​​​​Speed ​​Steel, umxube okhethekileyo wentsimbi kunye ne-tungsten, iboniswa kwi-World Exhibition eParis. Igcina ubulukhuni bayo kumaqondo aphezulu, ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo kunye nomatshini.

 Ngo-1903: Iifilaments kwizibane kunye neeglobhu zezibane yayiyeyokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten eyayisebenzisa indawo yayo yokunyibilika ephezulu kakhulu kunye nokuhamba kombane. Ingxaki kuphela? Iinzame zakwangoko zafumanisa ukuba i-tungsten inobunkunkqele kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

 Ngo-1909: UWilliam Coolidge kunye neqela lakhe kwi-General Electric yase-US baphumelele ekufumaneni inkqubo eyenza i-ductile tungsten filaments ngokusebenzisa unyango olufanelekileyo lokushisa kunye nokusebenza ngomatshini.

 Ngo-1911: Inkqubo ye-Coolidge ithengiswa, kwaye ngexesha elifutshane ii-tungsten light bulbs zisasazeka kwihlabathi lonke zixhotyiswe ngeentambo ze-ductile tungsten.

 Ngowe-1913: Ukunqongophala kwedayimani kwimizi-mveliso eJamani ngexesha leWWII kukhokelela abaphandi ukuba bajonge enye indlela yokufa kwedayimane, ezisetyenziselwa ukuzoba ucingo.

 Ngowe-1914: “Yayiyinkolelo yezinye iingcali zomkhosi eziManyeneyo ukuba kwiinyanga ezintandathu iJamani yayiza kube iphelelwe ziimbumbulu. Kungekudala ama-Allies afumanisa ukuba iJamani yayisandisa ukwenziwa kwayo izixhobo zemfazwe kwaye kangangexesha elithile yayigqithise imveliso yeeAllies. Utshintsho lwaluyinxenye ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwakhe kwentsimbi ye-tungsten ephezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusika i-tungsten. Okwamangalisa kakhulu amaBritani kukuba, itungsten eyayisetyenziswa ngolo hlobo, kamva yafunyanwa, ubukhulu becala yayiphuma kwiMigodi yabo yaseCornish eCornwall.” -Ukusuka kwincwadi ka-KC Li ka-1947 ethi "TUNGSTEN"

 Ngowe-1923: Inkampani yaseJamani yebhalbhu yombane ingenise ipatent yetungsten carbide, okanye ihardmetal. Yenziwe “ngokufaka isamente” iinkozo ze-tungsten monocarbide (WC) eziqine kakhulu kwi-binder matrix yentsimbi eyomeleleyo yecobalt ngesigaba solwelo sintering.

Isiphumo satshintsha imbali ye-tungsten: into edibanisa amandla aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Ngapha koko, i-tungsten carbide inzima kakhulu, ekuphela kwento yendalo enokuyikrwela yidayimane. (I-Carbide yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten namhlanje.)

Ngoo-1930: kwavela izicelo ezitsha ze-tungsten ikhompawundi kwishishini leoli ukwenzela ukuthotywa kweeoyile ezikrwada.

 Ngowe-1940: Ukuveliswa kwentsimbi, i-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt-based superalloys kwaqala, ukugcwalisa imfuno yezinto ezinokumelana nobushushu obumangalisayo beenjini zejethi.

 Ngo-1942: Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaJamani ayengawokuqala ukusebenzisa i-tungsten carbide core kwisantya esiphezulu sokugqobhoza izixhobo. Amatanki aseBritani aphantse “anyibilika” xa ebethelwa zezi tungsten carbide projectiles.

 Ngo-1945: Iintengiso zonyaka zezibane ze-incandescent zizigidi ezingama-795 ngonyaka e-US

 1950s: Ngeli xesha, i-tungsten yongezwa kwii-superalloys ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo.

 I-1960s: I-catalysts entsha yazalwa iqulethe iikhompawundi ze-tungsten ukunyanga iigesi zokukhupha kwishishini leoli.

 I-1964: Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuveliswa kwezibane ze-incandescent kunciphisa iindleko zokubonelela ngobuninzi obunikeziweyo bokukhanya ngamashumi amathathu, xa kuthelekiswa neendleko ekuqaliseni inkqubo yokukhanyisa i-Edison.

 Ngowama-2000: Kweli nqanaba, nyaka ngamnye kuzotywa malunga neebhiliyoni zeemitha ezingama-20 zocingo lwesibane, ubude obungqinelana nomgama omalunga nama-50 umgama wenyanga ukusuka emhlabeni. Ukukhanyisa kudla i-4% kunye ne-5% yemveliso ye-tungsten epheleleyo.

TUNGSTEN NAMHLANJE

Namhlanje, i-tungsten carbide ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubandakanya ukusika isinyithi, ukwenziwa kweeplanga, iiplastiki, iimbumba, kunye neekeramics ezithambileyo, ukwenza i-chipless (kushushu nokubanda), imigodi, ukwakhiwa, ukugrumba amatye, iinxalenye zesakhiwo, iinxalenye zokunxiba kunye nezinto zomkhosi. .

Ii-alloys zentsimbi ye-Tungsten zikwasetyenziswa xa kuveliswa imilomo ye-rocket injini, ekufuneka ibe neempawu ezintle zokukwazi ukumelana nobushushu. I-Super-alloys equlethe i-tungsten isetyenziswa kwii-blades ze-iturbine kunye neendawo ezixhathisayo kunye neengubo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elifanayo, ulawulo lwe-incandescent lightbulb luye lwaphela emva kweminyaka eyi-132, njengoko beqala ukukhutshwa e-US naseCanada.